Orkney islands | Everything You Need to Know
Let’s say you’re taking a quick tour of the bustling streets of Edinburgh, the misty Highlands, or the haunting beauty of Loch Ness, with more famous places on your list.
But if you want to take a break from the hustle and bustle of the city, then the Orkney Islands are the place for you. Trust me, it’s a hidden gem waiting to be discovered.
Located off the northeast coast of Scotland, this archipelago feels like stepping into another world for travelers. From ancient history to breathtaking natural scenery, Orkney has it all. Let’s find out what makes the islands so special.
Where are the Orkney Islands located?
First of all, where exactly is Orkney? Imagine this: You are looking at a map of Scotland, and just north of the mainland, you’ll find Orkney. As part of the Northern Isles, Orkney lies 10 miles (16 km) north of Caithness, along with Shetland. It is made up of around 70 islands, 20 of which are inhabited.
The largest island in the Orkney archipelago is called “Mainland” and is home to most of the population as well as many of the most-visited sites. This makes it the sixth-largest Scottish island and one of the most visited in the British Isles. The largest settlement and administrative center is Kirkwall. Orkney is one of the 32 councils of Scotland, a constituency of the Scottish Parliament, and a remarkable historic county.
The islands have been inhabited for at least 8,500 years, with the original inhabitants being mainly Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Pictish. The remote location of Orkney, surrounded by the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, has given it a unique identity. The archipelago is a paradise for wildlife lovers, history enthusiasts, and those who enjoy a slower pace of life. Apart from the Mainland, most of the islands are divided into two groups: the Northern Isles and the Southern Isles. The local people of the islands are called Orcadians.
A Landscape That Will Take Your Breath Away
If you’re a fan of dramatic scenery, the Isles will never disappoint. The islands are a mix of rolling green fields, rugged cliffs, and pristine beaches. One of the most visited attractions is the Old Man of Hoy, a towering sea stack that rises 459 feet above the waves. The site is a favorite spot for climbers and photographers. Even if you can’t make it to the summit, it’s still worth seeing from afar.
Another natural wonder of the Orkney Islands is The Gloup, a massive collapsed sea cave on the Mainland.
And let’s not forget the beaches! Yes, I’m talking about Scotland’s beaches. There are stretches of golden sand along the coast, such as Walkmill Bay and Skaill Bay, where you can walk for miles, just listening to the sound of the waves and the sea breeze. It’s a great way to rejuvenate both body and mind.
Ancient History of Orkney
Orkney is a haven for history buffs. The archipelago is home to some of the best-preserved Neolithic sites in Europe, many of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Let’s start with Skara Brae, a 5,000-year-old village that was uncovered by a storm in 1850. If you visit, you’ll feel like you’ve stepped into a time machine as you walk through the stone houses.
The Orkney Islands have been inhabited for about 8,800 years, with archaeological finds dating back to the Mesolithic period. According to historical records, Scandinavian groups dominated the islands from the 8th century onwards, using them as a base for raids. The archipelago became part of Scotland in the late 15th century.
Nearby attractions include the Ring of Brodgar and the Stones of Stenness. Locals are unsure why they were built, but their grandeur is undeniable. And don’t miss a visit to Maeshowe, home to chambered tombs that are older than the Egyptian pyramids. In winter, the setting sun aligns perfectly with the entrance, flooding the interior with light—a testament to the ingenuity of its builders.
The islands’ history doesn’t stop with the Neolithic period. Orkney was once a stronghold of the Norse, and Viking influence remains evident, from place names to archaeological sites that offer visitors a glimpse into Viking history. The medieval epic, Orkneyinga Saga, describes the history of the Norsemen in Orkney and is a fascinating read for history enthusiasts.
Culture of Orkney
The culture of Orkney is as rich as its history. Shaped by centuries of isolation, the islands have a strong sense of identity. Traditional music is a big part of life here, with the fiddle and accordion often taking center stage. If you are lucky enough to attend the Orkney Folk Festival or the St. Magnus Festival, you’ll get a taste of this vibrant musical heritage.
The Orcadian dialect, a blend of Scots and Norse influences, adds to the island’s charm, providing travelers with a linguistic link to the past.
And let’s talk about food. Orkney is known for its delicious local produce, from creamy cheeses to tender beef. And let’s not forget the local whisky—Highland Park, distilled in Kirkwall, is one of the most famous single malts in the world.
Education in Orkney
Despite its remote location, Orkney boasts a well-structured and inclusive education system. The islands have around twenty primary schools, five secondary schools (including Kirkwall Grammar School), and two higher education colleges. Orkney College UHI offers both undergraduate and postgraduate degree programs.
Local Industry
The archipelago may be small, but its industries are thriving. Some of the key sectors include:
- Agriculture and Food – Orkney is famous for its high-quality beef, dairy products (including Orkney Cheddar), and locally grown barley used for whisky production.
- Fishing and Seafood – Fishing is a major industry, and the clear waters make Orkney ideal for high-quality salmon farming.
- Renewable Energy – Orkney is a world leader in wind and tidal energy, producing clean electricity for Scotland.
- Tourism – With its rich history, stunning landscapes, and festivals, tourism plays a significant role in the local economy.
- Food and Drink – From whisky to craft beers, Orkney produces some of Scotland’s finest beverages.
Life in Orkney
Life on the Isles is shaped by nature and the sea. Farming and fishing are essential to the economy, and renewable energy has become a growing industry. Tourism is also vital, with visitors flocking to explore Orkney’s history, natural beauty, and welcoming community.
Despite its remote location, the islands are easily accessible by ferry and plane. The local community is close-knit, with a population of around 22,000. Events such as agricultural shows and Ceilidh dancing bring people together.
Transportation in Orkney
Getting around Orkney is an adventure in itself. Whether by ferry, plane, bus, or bicycle, transportation connects local communities, supports industries, and makes the islands accessible to visitors.
Accommodation in Orkney
Whether you’re looking for luxury, budget-friendly options, or a cozy retreat, Orkney offers a variety of accommodations, from historic hotels to self-catering cottages.
Why Visit Orkney?
Because it’s a remarkable place where history, natural beauty, and community come together perfectly. Whether you’re exploring ancient ruins, watching waves crash against the cliffs, or enjoying a dram of whisky by the fire, Orkney has something for everyone.
Orkney Islands in my eyes
Orkney was one of the most amazing places I have ever been. It has stunning scenery and some of the most incredible Neolithic sites in the world. But to be honest, I am a big fan of Neolithic history, so Orkney was on my bucket list. We spent 5 hours in the Neolithic village of Skara Brae, had lunch, visited the Ring of Brodgar and explored numerous burial chambers and standing stones. We hiked, swam, walked etc. As well as all this we visited some of the most amazing golden sand beaches in the British Isles. It was a beautiful place for me and my family to spend some wonderful moments.
We spent most of our time in Orkney, but we did take day trips to one or two islands. It’s a place where even if you’re not familiar with prehistoric history, there’s plenty to see – from Scapa Flow to Kirkwall Cathedral and the magnificent town of Stromness, and finally (don’t miss the museum there).
The point I’m making is that Orkney is amazing. But it’s not a place to visit for a day or two – the distance makes it a destination in itself. Don’t try to do it in two or three days; I think you should spend two or three weeks to fully enjoy the Orkney Islands. That way, you can fully explore its identity and experience the Orkney Islands as a wonderful place – through the history, culture and hospitality of the locals.
Have you ever been to Orkney? Or is it on your travel list?
Let me know in the comments below
Five surprising facts about the Orkney Islands;
- The Pir is older than us, the ancient mystery of Skara Brae
- Viking legacy; The Kingdom of Noss of Aukne
- A secret from World War II; The Churchill Barrier
- A whisky lover’s paradise: Highland Puck Distillery
- Wildlife wonders; Puffins, seals and ospreys